Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers are one of the most popular types of exchanger due to the flexibility the designer has to allow for a wide range of pressures and temperatures
A shell and tube exchanger consists of a number of tubes mounted inside a cylindrical shell.  illustrates a typical unit that may be found in a petrochemical plant. Two fluids can exchange heat, one fluid flows over the outside of the tubes while the second fluid flows through the tubes. The fluids can be single or two phase and can flow in a parallel or a cross/counter flow arrangement.

The shell and tube exchanger consists of four major parts:
  • Front Header—this is where the fluid enters the tubeside of the exchanger. It is sometimes referred to as the Stationary Header.
  • Rear Header—this is where the tubeside fluid leaves the exchanger or where it is returned to the front header in exchangers with multiple tubeside passes.
  • Tube bundle—this comprises of the tubes, tube sheetsbaffles and tie rods etc. to hold the bundle together.
  • Shell—this contains the tube bundle.



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